NE1, lecture 1, Intro to NE1 (Tobi Delbruck)

00:00:00 1 Neuromorphic Engineering I

00:01:32 2 To do today

00:02:11 3 Class composition (2020) 50 registered

00:03:09 4 Book(s)

00:03:38 5 A pidgin vocabulary

00:06:33 6 Neuromorphic Electronics?What is it all about?

00:06:55 7 The context

00:07:02 8 Bardeen and Brattain

00:07:30 9 A finished wafer

00:08:12 10 N and P FET

00:09:24 11 Artificial real-world computation(or: How industry thinks of analog)

00:09:57 12 Synchronous logic is ubiquitously used to implement Finite State Machines (FSMs)

00:13:23 13 The motivation from biological computation

00:13:27 14 

00:15:37 15 

00:20:14 16 

00:21:58 17 Exercises: First look

00:22:13 18 You will measure many of these

00:22:14 19 Lab exercises organization

00:22:17 20 Links for the lab exercises

00:22:21 21 2020 Class chip

00:22:22 22 Partial contents of class chip

00:22:23 23 Classchip PCB

00:22:24 24 Measuring currents and voltages

00:22:25 25 First look at semiconductors and transistors

00:22:50 26 MOS transistors – semiconductor device physics

00:24:29 27 Donors and Acceptors in the periodic table

00:25:51 28 Conductors, Semiconductors and Insulators

00:27:24 29 Donors and Acceptors in the periodic table

00:27:40 30 The silicon lattice with an electron donor atom

00:28:44 31 A P-N junction

00:28:44 32 A P-N junction

00:28:44 33 Charges, fields, and potentials in a PN junction

00:28:44 34 MOS transistors use insulated gates to control barrier energies at PN surface junctions at source and drain

00:29:27 35 Small Vgs, Vds=0

00:30:40 36 Larger Vgs, Vds=0

00:31:15 37 Larger Vgs, Large Vds

00:32:22 38 Closer look at silicon crystal structure and energy bands

00:32:22 39 The Diamond Structure of Silicon

00:32:22 40 Bands arise from periodic structure of crystal

00:32:22 41 Schematic energy band representation for electrons in a solid

00:32:22 42 Electrons and Holes

00:34:15 43 The meaning of energy in the band diagram

00:34:43 44 The Thermal Energy

00:37:36 45 The Fermi-Dirac distribution

00:39:59 46 An intrinsic (undoped) semiconductor

00:41:27 47 Donors and Acceptors in the periodic table

00:41:34 48 Doping levels

00:42:19 49 A donor atom in the silicon lattice

00:43:59 50 

00:43:59 51 An n-type semiconductor

00:44:49 52 A p-type semiconductor

00:45:03 53 Law of mass action: np=ni2

00:46:17 54 Electron transport 

00:46:33 55 An electric field causes carriers to drift

00:48:48 56 Mobility is a function of electric field

00:50:39 57 A density gradient causes carriers to diffuse

00:52:10 58 Drift and diffusion are related by the Einstein Relation

00:53:32 59 Charges, fields, and potentials in a PN junction

00:54:40 60 What happens at a junction between P and N?

00:56:09 61 Charges, fields, and potentials in a PN junction

00:59:37 62 Electrostatic potentials in a PN junction

01:00:19 63 Band structure of a PN junction

01:01:43 64 Carrier densities in a PN junction

01:02:41 65 Carrier densities in a PN junction

01:03:20 66 I-V characteristics of a PN junction “rectifier”

01:04:15 67 A reverse-biased PN junction

01:05:59 68 A reverse-biased PN junction

01:06:23 69 Reverse current comes from generated electron hole pairs in 3 regions

01:08:15 70 Question

01:09:32 71 What is capacitance of reverse-biased PN junction?

01:11:14 72 A forward-biased PN junction

01:11:14 73 What was covered

01:11:43 74 Next week: Understanding how MOS transistors work in the subthreshold/weak inversion regime

01:12:04 75 Properties of Materials (Si and Si02)

01:13:43 76 A forward-biased PN junction